Islamic New Year
The Islamic New Year also called the Hijri New Year or
Arabic New Year, is the day that marks the beginning of a new lunar Hijri year, and is the day on which the
year count is incremented. The first day of the Islamic year is observed by most Muslims on the first day of
the month of Muharram. The epoch (reference date) of the Islamic era was set as 622 Common Era (CE), the year
of the emigration of muhammad(SAW) and his followers from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijra. All
religious duties, such as prayer, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and pilgrimage, and the dates of
significant events, such as celebration of holy nights and festivals, are calculated according to the Islamic
calendar.
While some Islamic organizations prefer determining the new month (and hence the new year) by local sightings
of the moon, most Islamic institutions and countries, including Saudi Arabia, follow astronomical
calculations to determine future dates of the Islamic calendar. There are various schemas for calculating the
tabular Islamic calendar (i.e. not based on observation), which results in differences of typically one or
even two days between countries using such schema and those that use lunar sightings. For example, the Umm
al-Qura calendar used in Saudi Arabia was reformed several times in recent years. The current scheme was
introduced in 1423 AH (15 March 2002).
A day in the Islamic calendar is defined as beginning at sunset. For example, 1 Muharram 1432 was defined to
correspond to 7 or 8 December 2010 in civil calendars (depending on the country). For an observation-based
calendar, a sighting of the new moon at sunset of 6 December would mean that 1 Muharram lasted from the moment
of sunset of 6 December to the moment of sunset of 7 December, while in places where the new moon was not
sighted on 6 December 1 Muharram would last from the moment of sunset of 7 December to the moment of sunset of
8 December.
